LL37
LL-37
A 37-amino-acid cationic peptide — the name counts the two leucines it begins with — released by proteolysis from the C-terminal end of human cathelicidin hCAP18, the only cathelicidin humans have. It folds into an amphipathic alpha helix with charged and greasy faces on opposite sides, and its primary described action is disrupting microbial membranes directly rather than binding a receptor.
LL-37 has 5 registered human studies on ClinicalTrials.gov, reaching phase 2, covering 44 planned or enrolled participants across the 2 studies that published a figure. No FDA-approved product contains LL-37. 1,380 papers naming it were published in the last ten years.
Collected 2026-08-02 from ClinicalTrials.gov and Drugs@FDA. Counts include only trials whose registered intervention names LL-37; the registry search is fuzzy, so every match is re-checked. None of this says whether LL-37 works or is safe.
FDA status
Research only
Human studies
5
Furthest phase
Phase 2
Papers, 10 yr
1,380
Readership
47
monthly average, Feb–Jul 2026
Tracking since 2026-07-29 · About this data
What has actually been tested in humans
Phase 1 or 2 only
5
Registered human studies
Phase 2
Furthest phase reached
44
Planned or enrolled participants, across 2 studies that published a figure
None
No FDA-approved product contains it
20 loose registry matches were checked and 5 confirmed — 15 named something else and were discarded. We count a study only when LL-37 is named as an intervention in it.
Registered means registered — not that the study finished, and not that it found anything. The grade is mechanical: it is computed from the registry and the FDA record alone, and it grades how much is known, never whether a compound is good or safe. Collected 2026-08-02 from ClinicalTrials.gov and Drugs@FDA. Check the query.
What LL-37 is, and what it has been studied for
LL-37 is tracked here.
Across 5 registered trials, it has been studied in Diabetic Foot Ulcer, Melanoma, Peri-Implantitis and Peri-implant Mucositis and Passive Smoking. A condition here is what a sponsor registered the trial under — it records what was investigated, not what was shown.
The trials were run by Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center among others. A named commercial sponsor means a compound is in formal development; its absence does not mean the opposite, only that no company has registered a trial under its own name.
How far it got
LL-37 reached Phase 2 across 5 registered trials.
No FDA-approved product contains LL-37. A compound can stop at any rung for commercial reasons as easily as scientific ones, and the registry does not record which.
Is anyone studying LL-37?
Papers published each year that name LL-37 in the title or abstract, with the clinical trials that started in the same year marked beneath. Ten calendar years.
| Year | Publications | Trials started | Complete year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 149 | 0 | Yes |
| 2018 | 147 | 0 | Yes |
| 2019 | 151 | 0 | Yes |
| 2020 | 173 | 0 | Yes |
| 2021 | 167 | 1 | Yes |
| 2022 | 167 | 0 | Yes |
| 2023 | 129 | 0 | Yes |
| 2024 | 141 | 0 | Yes |
| 2025 | 167 | 0 | Yes |
| 2026 | 139 | 0 | No |
1,380 papers and 1 registered trials between 2017 and 2026. A paper counts when “LL-37” appears in its title or abstract — phrase-matched, so a paper mentioning the words separately is not counted. The total is a single query over the whole window, which is why it does not equal the bars added together: PubMed files a paper under both its electronic and its print publication date, so one paper can appear in two years. Publication volume measures scientific attention, not whether a compound works: a well-studied compound can be well-studied and ineffective. Sources: PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov · collected 2026-08-02.
Published research on LL-37
1,380 indexed papers name LL-37 in their title or abstract. These are the 8 PubMed ranks most relevant. Listing a paper is not a judgement about it, and none of these is summarised here — follow the link and read what it says.
- Vitamin D triggers hCAP18/LL-37 production: Implications for LL-37-induced human osteoblast cytotoxicity
- LL-37, a Multi-Faceted Amphipathic Peptide Involved in NETosis
- LL-37: A Direct Link Between Inflammation and Myocardial Infarction
- LL-37 Triggers Antimicrobial Activity in Human Platelets
- Human cathelicidin peptide LL-37 induces endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition
- Regulation of LL-37 in Bone and Periodontium Regeneration
- LL-37: Cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide with pleiotropic activity
- Antibiofilm properties of cathelicidin LL-37: an in-depth review
Collected 2026-08-02from PubMed, phrase-matched on “LL-37” in title and abstract. Run the same search.
About LL-37
A 37-amino-acid cationic peptide — the name counts the two leucines it begins with — released by proteolysis from the C-terminal end of human cathelicidin hCAP18, the only cathelicidin humans have. It folds into an amphipathic alpha helix with charged and greasy faces on opposite sides, and its primary described action is disrupting microbial membranes directly rather than binding a receptor.
- Also known as
- Cathelicidin LL-37 · hCAP-18 fragment
Structure and mechanism only. Nothing above describes what this compound is for, and no dose appears anywhere on this page.
Reading on this compound
All articles →PepRack articles that reference this compound. This is not a news feed — we syndicate nothing and publish no datelines.
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